Exosomes

Nature’s Messengers of Regeneratio

What are EXOSOMES?

Exosomes are small Extracellular Vesicles (sEVs) secretion from virtually every cell type, as a means of cell-to-cell communications.

Exosomes are usually in the range of 30nm to 150nm, depending on the origin cells that secrete them. The cargo mix of exosomes also differs and commonly follows the type of cell of origin.

However, all exosomes contain these factors:

Proteins: growth factors, enzymes, cytokines, chemokines, receptors, transcription factors and matrix proteins that govern cell structure, function, and signaling.
Nucleic Acids:
• Messenger RNA (mRNA) – a blueprint for protein production.
• Micro-RNA (miRNA) – intracellular signaling mediator.
Lipids and other bioactive compounds.

Exosomes have a small molecular structure and are easily biocompatible, emphasizing their critical role in intercellular communication and highlighting their importance in cell biology.

Exosomes can help with cell proliferation, cell repair, beauty, anti-aging and overall disease improvement.

History of EXOSOMES

1946: 1st Definition of Exosomes
1987: Exosomes 1st Observation
1990: Exosomes Study
1996: Exosomes Protein Research
2007: Exosomes RNA Study
2013: Nobel Prize Physiology or Medical Award
2016: Exosomes RNA Therapy Product R&D

2013 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

James E. Rothman
Randy W. Schekman
Thomas C. Südhof

These three scientists were awarded the Nobel Prize for their research on the mechanisms regulating vesicle (exosome) transport. Their discoveries revealed how vesicles transport proteins and other molecules within the cell. Their work provided fundamental knowledge for understanding the formation, fusion, and function of vesicles (exosomes). The Nobel Prize-winning research on the vesicle transport system enhanced medicine’s understanding of how exosomes form and are secreted within cells, and unveiled their crucial role in intercellular communication.

How do EXOSOMES work?

Pro-angiogenic:

Induces the formation of new blood vessels crucial for wound healing, driven by growth factors like VEGF, FGF, TNF-α, TGF-β and PDGF.

Anti-inflammatory:

Counters inflammation by containing cytokines like IL-1ra, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-11, IL-13 and TGF-β.

Antioxidants:

Exhibits antioxidant effects through the delivery of anti-oxidative enzymes, miRNAs, and circRNAs.

Anti-fibrotic:

Down-regulates pro-fibrosis factors, addressing thickening and scarring in tissues or organs.

Immunomodulatory:

Contains numerous growth factors, cytokine modulators, and miRNAs influencing immune system modification.

Epigenetics:

Acts as a switch through miRNAs, regulating gene function and resetting the system to a healthy state.

Anti-apoptotic:

Mediates cell death processes, preventing excessive apoptosis associated with neurodegenerative diseases.

Pro-neurogenesis:

Enhances recovery from spinal cord injury by activating endogenous neurogenesis and showcasing neuroprotective qualities.

Promotes cell proliferation & migration:

It contains growth factors and miRNAs that support cell growth, division, and orchestrated movement essential for tissue formation and healing.

Conditions or diseases that can benefit from Exosome therapy12

Brain Diseases

Stroke, Alzheimer’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, Autism Spectrum Disorders

Lung Diseases

Asthma, COPD, Pulmonary Fibrosis, Long-Covid Syndrome

Pancreatic Diseases

Type 2 Diabetes, Acute pancreatitis, Chronic Pancreatitis

Auto-immune Disorders

Rheumatoid Arthritis, Multiple Sclerosis, ALS, Type 1 Diabetes

Sexual Functions

Enlarged Prostate (Prostatic Hypertrophy), Erectile Dysfunction, Male/Female Menopausal Syndrome

Heart Diseases

Heart Attack, Heart Failure, Cardiomyopathy

Liver Diseases

Hepatitis, Hepatic Sclerosis, Hepatic Impairment

Bone & Joints

Knee Arthrosis, Knee Osteoarthritis, Tendon Injury, Osteoporosis

Malignant Tumours

Malignant Melanoma, Lung/Colon Cancer, Glioma, Breast Cancer, etc.

Kidney Diseases

Acute Kidney Injury, Chronic Kidney Disease

Allergies

Atopic Dermatitis, Eczema, etc.

Eye Diseases

Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Diabetic Retinopathy, Glaucoma, etc.

Wellness & Anti-Aging

Reduce inflammation, stimulate healing, stimulate own MSCs and dormant stem cells, Modulate immune response, Boost skin cell repair, etc.

Reference:
A paradigm shifts in cell-free approach: the emerging role of MSC-derived exosomes in regenerative medicine. Stem Cells International. 2020 Nov 26.
Multifunctional role of miRNAs in mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in treatment of various diseases World J Stem Cells. V12(11); 2020 Nov 26.

NT Exosomes

Bioactive Conditioned Medium and Stem Cell Exosomes

The origin of bioactive conditioned medium is for use in cell culture, where it provides nutrients to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) during the culture process, thereby producing stem cell exosomes, a supernatant rich in cytokines and growth factors secreted by MSCs.

The medium contains appropriate energy sources for cells and bioactive compounds that regulate cell growth. A typical medium consists of amino acids, vitamins, inorganic salts, glucose, and serum (the source of growth factors, hormones, and attachment factors).

Some studies have reported that therapeutic conditioned medium has similar therapeutic effects to mesenchymal stem cell therapy, promoting cell regeneration and functional recovery. It has been used as an alternative treatment to stem cell therapy.

Our Medifactor is produced under Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) conditions to ensure safety and quality.
Steroid-free, Paraben-free, Natural Active Ingredients, No Mineral Oil, Cell-free, and Xeno-free (no animal-derived components).

Our Exosomes contains approximately 4 billion pre-concentrated exosomes per milliliter.

Each 5ml bottle contains 20 billion exosomes.

Our Exosomes contains high concentrations of a variety of growth factors, such as:

VEGF (Wound Healing)

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) is a signaling protein that stimulates the formation of blood vessels. It plays a key role in both physiological processes (like wound healing and embryonic development) and pathological processes (such as wound healing). It promotes the formation of new blood vessels, supplying tissues with oxygen and nutrients while increasing vascular permeability, allowing nutrients and immune cells to reach damaged tissues or rapidly growing areas.

PDGF-AA (Wound Healing)

PDGF-AA is one of the platelet-derived growth factor family, primarily stimulating the growth and division of fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells, thus promoting connective cell proliferation and wound healing.

M-CSF (Skin Regeneration)

M-CSF primarily regulates the production, differentiation, and function of macrophages and monocytes. It promotes the generation of macrophages from monocytes and regulates the immune system’s response. It enhances their phagocytic activity, helping to clear pathogens and dead cells.

HGF (Tissue Protection and Regeneration)

Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) primarily acts on epithelial cells, promoting cell growth, movement, and morphogenesis. HGF is crucial for the regeneration and repair of organs rich in epithelial cells, such as the liver, kidneys, and lungs. It promotes the formation of organ structures like the tubular formations in kidneys.

FGF-b (Anti-Aging)

Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF-b) belongs to the fibroblast growth factor family and is involved in various biological processes such as angiogenesis, wound healing, and tissue regeneration. FGF-b promotes new blood vessel formation, similar to VEGF. It stimulates the growth and differentiation of multiple cell types including endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and neurons. It aids in tissue repair, enhances the proliferation of fibroblasts and endothelial cells, and promotes the formation of granulation tissue.

Angiopoietin-2

Angiopoietins regulate blood vessel development and stability and play an important role in angiogenesis and vascular remodeling. As an antagonist to Angiopoietin-1, Angiopoietin-2 promotes vascular instability and permeability, contributing to the formation of new blood vessels. It works synergistically with VEGF to stimulate vascular sprouting.